Concept:
Function
Headline
The central abstraction in functional programming
Description
In programming, a function is an abstraction for computation. In functional programming, a function is typically close to what we call a function in mathematics. That is, a function maps values of its domain to values of its range. Outside (pure) functional programming, a function may also involve additional computational aspects or side effects. Functions are defined (or declared) in a program and then elsewhere applied.
Illustration
Consider the following function definition in Language:Haskell.
-- The increment function
inc :: Int -> Int
inc x = x + 1
The definition consists of a type signature assigning a type to the function inc and one equation providing the actual definition. The type signature declares inc as function from Int to Int. The equation binds the variable x on the left-hand side and returns the expression x+1 on the right-hand side.
Consider the following function application: inc is applied to 41; the result is 42.
> inc 41
42
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